Ιnguinal hernia (βουβωνοκήλη).
inguinal hernia is a bulge that occurs in your groin region, the location between the lower part of your abdominal area as well as your thigh. Inguinal hernias occur due to a weakening of the muscles in the reduced abdomen.
Three layers protect the intestines inside the reduced abdominal area. The initial is a thin membrane called the peritoneum. The 2nd is comprised of the abdominal muscles, as well as the 3rd is your skin.
An inguinal hernia kinds when your intestinal tracts as well as the peritoneum press through the muscle mass and look like a lump under your skin. Inguinal ruptures threaten since they often tend to keep obtaining bigger as well as your intestine can obtain entraped inside the bulge as well as lose its blood supply. This is called a strangulated inguinal rupture, and also surgical treatment may be required to fix the problem.
Truths regarding inguinal hernia.
Inguinal ruptures may occur on one or both sides of the body as well as are much more usual in guys than women. An inguinal rupture can appear at any age. Babies may be born with one that doesn’t show up till they become grownups. About five out of every 100 kids are born with the condition.
An inguinal rupture can likewise establish gradually if you increase pressure on the wall surfaces of your stomach muscles with tasks like stressing to visit the restroom, coughing over an extended period, being obese, or lifting hefty weights. If you have a family history of inguinal rupture, you may be at a higher danger for one. Babies born prior to their due date are also at greater risk.
Sorts of inguinal hernia.
Inguinal hernias come in 2 kinds:.
Indirect inguinal hernia. This is the most common type, and also a kind of hernia that you might be born with. Although it can occur in men and women, it is a lot more typical in males. This is due to the fact that the male testicle begins inside the abdominal area and also has to go down through an opening in the groin location to reach the scrotum (the sac that holds the testicles). If this opening does not close at birth, a rupture creates. In females, this kind of rupture can happen if reproductive organs or the small intestine slides right into the groin location as a result of a weak point in the stomach muscles.
Straight inguinal hernia. This sort of hernia is brought on by weakening of your stomach muscles with time and also is more likely to be seen in adults. Straight inguinal ruptures take place only in males.
Signs and symptoms.
The major symptom is a visible lump in your groin location. In guys, an inguinal rupture may prolong down into the scrotum and also trigger a bigger scrotum. Tiny ruptures might slide back and also forth with the opening in the abdominal area and not create any type of symptoms. Bigger hernias may be rubbed back into the abdominal area. Signs and symptoms of ruptures that go back and forth consist of:.
A bulge that boosts in dimension when you pressure and disappears when you relax.
Sudden pain in your groin or scrotum when exercising or stressing.
A sensation of weakness, stress, burning, or aching in your groin or scrotum.
An inguinal rupture that can’t be returned right into the abdominal area is called a jailed rupture. This is an unsafe scenario because the part of your intestinal tract inside the hernia can end up being strangulated, which is a clinical emergency. Symptoms of a strangulated inguinal hernia include:.
Severe pain and also redness.
Pain that keeps becoming worse.
High temperature.
Rapid heart price.
Nausea or vomiting and throwing up.
Medical diagnosis.
Inguinal rupture is frequently identified with a medical history and also physical examination. Your medical professional will ask you inquiries about rupture signs. During the test, she or he will certainly look for and also feel for a bulge in your groin or scrotal area. You might be asked to stand as well as cough to make the rupture show up. Inguinal ruptures in youngsters might only be seen or felt when the child cries.
Inguinal Ruptures in Children.
Therapy.
The method to repair an inguinal rupture is usually with a surgical procedure. In adults with little hernias that don’t create signs, therapy may only be to view it. Grownups with signs and symptoms and the majority of children normally have surgical procedure to prevent the feasible difficulty of a strangulated rupture in the future. A put behind bars or strangulated rupture may require emergency surgery.
There are two major kinds of surgical procedure for inguinal rupture:.
Open up fixing. An incision is made through the skin in the groin area. The specialist relocates the rupture back inside the abdominal area as well as closes the stomach wall surface with stitches. In some cases, if the opening is huge, the surgeon might use an artificial (manufactured) mesh to enhance the closure.
Laparoscopy. This type of surgical procedure utilizes a couple of tiny incisions and a thin scope with a tiny electronic camera. The cosmetic surgeon resolves the extent to fix the hernia. Synthetic mesh may likewise be used in laparoscopic hernia surgical treatment. Healing time after laparoscopy may be much shorter than for open repair work.
Avoidance.
There is absolutely nothing you can do to stop an indirect inguinal hernia, the kind you are born with. Straight ruptures that occur with time may be protected against with these preventative measures:.
Find out just how to raise hefty objects correctly.
Stay clear of and, when required, treat irregularity to avoid stressing when having a bowel movement.
Obtain treatment for any consistent coughing.
If you are a male with an enlarged prostate and you stress to pass pee, obtain dealt with.
If you are obese, shed the extra pounds.
Managing inguinal hernia.
If you have actually had surgical treatment for inguinal rupture, it is necessary to adhere to all your physician’s instructions and also keep your follow-up consultations. Getting out of bed and also strolling is an integral part of recuperation and assists stop problems. You can aid to keep an inguinal hernia from returning after surgical treatment by avoiding heavy training and also other exhausting activity. Ask your physician what types of tasks are secure and when you can return to work.
If you have a small rupture that is being enjoyed or a fixed hernia, take steps to stay clear of becoming constipated. Consume lots of fiber, drink a lot of fluids, workout, and also bowel movement when you feel the urge.
Call your doctor if your inguinal rupture signs and symptoms get worse, and also constantly call right now if:.
You have an agonizing bulge that can not be pushed back within.
You have boosting pain, swelling, or soreness.
You have queasiness, fever, or vomiting in addition to rupture pain.
abdominal hernia κηλη στη κοιλια
Abdominal Wall Hernias.
A hernia takes place when a body organ sticks out with the wall of muscle that surrounds it. There are a number of different types of hernias that can take place in the abdominal and surrounding areas. These include umbilical ruptures, epigastric hernias, incisional ruptures, and others. For additional information on these details sorts of ruptures, consisting of signs and therapy techniques, see listed below.
Types of Abdominal Wall Hernias.
Epigastric Rupture.
An epigastric hernia occurs when a damaged location in the stomach wall surface enables a little fat to press with. Epigastric hernias are generally small. They take place in the middle of the stomach, in the area between the stomach switch and also the breastbone.
Some patients create more than one epigastric rupture each time. These ruptures generally do not create signs and symptoms, yet you might experience discomfort in your upper belly.
Therapy of epigastric hernias usually includes surgical treatment, however your physician will talk about all your alternatives with you thoroughly.
Incisional Rupture.
A rupture that occurs in the location of a previous surgical procedure is called an incisional hernia. These hernias might occur when the abdominal wall surface has actually been deteriorated by surgery, or when a surgical cut comes to be contaminated, further deteriorating the location.
Incisional hernias are reasonably usual because surgical cuts damage the abdominal area. That weak point makes it less complicated for a part of the intestinal tract or other cells to stick out.
Incisional hernias can establish right after surgical treatment, or they can create gradually, over months or perhaps years. They commonly take place alongside vertical lacerations. Incisional ruptures tend to be huge and also instead unpleasant.
Incisional hernias will not heal by themselves. Speak to your medical professional for more information concerning your treatment alternatives.
Spigelian Rupture.
Spigelian hernias happen throughout the spigelian fascia. Unlike other types of ruptures, which create promptly listed below layers of fat, spigelian ruptures occur in the midst of stomach muscles. This indicates that spigelian ruptures may not be promptly visible as a lump or swelling. They can go undetected for longer periods of time.
Due to the fact that spigelian hernias often tend to be tiny, the threat of establishing a strangulated hernia is higher.
Spigelian ruptures have a tendency to take place more rarely than various other kinds of ruptures.
Umbilical Rupture.
An umbilical hernia takes place when a vulnerable point in the belly permits a bit of fat, fluid, or intestinal tract to press through, producing a swelling or lump near the stomach button.
Umbilical ruptures often occur in babies. Most of the times, these ruptures will certainly heal on their own. Sometimes, nevertheless, surgical treatment might be required.
Umbilical ruptures additionally happen in grownups, particularly those with health and wellness problems that trigger boosted pressure in the belly. Those problems may consist of weight problems, maternity, chronic coughing or bowel irregularity, as well as problem peing.
Because they tend to expand larger gradually, umbilical hernias require treatment. Therapy usually includes surgery, but your doctor will review all your choices with you in detail. Without treatment, you are at danger of creating a strangulated rupture, which implies that blood supply to the tissue has been cut off. Strangulation is life threatening as well as needs emergency surgical treatment.
Signs and symptoms.
Abdominal wall hernias are typically noticeable: they will certainly look like a swelling or bulge underneath the skin. These hernias don’t usually create any other signs and symptoms with the exception of mild discomfort or pain, generally when you are stressing (as an example, lifting something hefty).
If the hernia comes to be strangulated, nevertheless, you might experience much more significant signs and symptoms, such as extreme pain, nausea or vomiting, throwing up, and/or redness in the location of the hernia. Get in touch with your doctor immediately if you begin to experience these symptoms. A strangulated rupture is lethal.
Causes.
Stomach wall surface hernias can take place in people of any kind of age, consisting of infants. Nevertheless, the danger of developing a rupture often tends to enhance as you age. A lot of stomach wall surface ruptures are triggered by an area of weakness in the stomach wall surfaces. A number of various factors can add to the development of that weak point. These factors consist of:.
Aging.
Persistent coughing.
Collagen vascular illness.
Constant hefty lifting.
Genetic defects.
History of previous hernias.
Infection (especially following surgical treatment).
Injuries to the abdominal location.
Obesity.
Pregnancy.
Straining throughout defecation or peeing.
Surgical openings.
Diagnosis.
In many cases, your physician will certainly have the ability to figure out whether you are in reality struggling with a rupture merely by looking and by gently palpating the afflicted area.
If for some reason a diagnosis isn’t right away noticeable, your doctor may choose to buy an imaging examination, such as an abdominal ultrasound, CT check, or MRI. These imaging tests can aid to show the hole in the muscle wall, together with the cells extending from it.
Treatment.
Stomach wall ruptures that have actually no associated signs and symptoms might not require any type of therapy in all. Your physician will certainly review your options with you which might include surgical treatment or watchful waiting.
Larger ruptures, however, or ruptures that are causing discomfort, may require medical fixing to soothe discomfort as well as to avoid difficulties.
There are two sorts of medical hernia fixing: open as well as minimally intrusive surgical treatment. The type of surgical treatment selected will rely on the seriousness as well as kind of hernia you have actually created, the anticipated recuperation time, your past clinical and also medical history, as well as your cosmetic surgeon’s knowledge.
Open up Surgical procedure: Throughout this procedure, your doctor will make a little cut into your groin, and then push the protruding tissue back right into your abdomen. Your specialist will certainly after that finish the damaged area. Sometimes, your doctor will certainly utilize a mesh to reinforce that weakened location.
Open up surgical procedure can be carried out either with basic anesthesia or with sedation or neighborhood anesthetic.
After your surgical treatment, it may be a number of weeks prior to you have the ability to completely resume your typical activities. Nevertheless, it’s still essential that you start stiring again asap for a healthier healing.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedure: Minimally intrusive surgery is normally done under basic anesthesia.
During this treatment, your specialist will certainly make a couple of little cuts in your abdomen. Your cosmetic surgeon will certainly after that inflate your abdomen, making use of an unique gas, in order to make your interior organs less complicated to see.
Your surgeon will certainly then insert a little, slim tube right into among the cuts in your abdomen. This tube has a tiny electronic camera, or laparoscope, at the end of it. That camera functions as a kind of guide for your specialist, that is after that able to place medical instruments via the various other incisions in your abdomen. Your surgeon will certainly fix the hernia making use of and might make use of mesh.
Clients that are prospects for minimally intrusive surgical treatment might experience less scarring and pain following surgical procedure than those that undertake open surgical treatment. People may also be able to return quicker to their typical activities.
Your physicians will certainly speak with you carefully about every one of your therapy choices and also will certainly recommend a course of action best matched to your individual requirements.
An umbilical hernia (ομφαλοκηλη ).
An umbilical rupture is an uncommon lump that can be seen or really felt at the umbilicus (stomach switch). This rupture creates when a section of the lining of the abdomen, part of the intestine, and/ or fluid from the abdominal area, comes through the muscular tissue of the abdominal wall surface.
Umbilical ruptures are common, occurring in 10 percent to 20 percent of all children. They are, however, much more usual in African-Americans.
Low birth weight and also early infants are likewise most likely to have an umbilical rupture. Children and girls are equally affected.
Reasons For Umbilical Rupture.
As the fetus creates while pregnant, there is a tiny opening in the stomach muscles that enables the umbilical cable to pass through, linking mom to child.
As the baby grows after birth, this opening in the abdominal muscles closes. In some cases, however, these muscle mass do not meet and also grow with each other entirely, and also a tiny opening stays. This opening is called an umbilical hernia.
Signs and Symptoms of Umbilical Hernia.
Umbilical ruptures appear as a lump or swelling in the stubborn belly button location. The swelling may become more recognizable when the infant cries, and may lessen or disappear when the baby is quiet. If a doctor delicately pushes on the lump when a youngster is relaxing and tranquil, it will usually get smaller or go back right into the abdominal area.
Often the intestines get trapped within the umbilical hernia. This is described as a put behind bars rupture. When this takes place, the kid usually has severe pain and the bulge may be firm as well as red. Urgent medical analysis to omit a put behind bars hernia is required in order to stop feasible damage to the intestinal tracts. It is uncommon for this to occur.
Medical Diagnosis of Umbilical Rupture.
Physical examination by a doctor can identify an umbilical hernia as well as can also determine if there are any stomach components caught in the hernia sac.
Therapy for Umbilical Hernia.
Lots of umbilical hernias close spontaneously by ages 3 to 4. If closure does not happen by now, surgical repair service is generally encouraged. In more youthful kids, if there is an episode of imprisonment or if the rupture is very large, surgical fixing may be suggested.
Surgical procedure to fix the hernia is executed under basic anesthesia.
A little incision is made at the base of the stubborn belly switch. If any kind of intestinal tract exists in the hernia, it is placed back into the stomach cavity. The opening in the muscle is after that repaired with several layers of stitches to avoid an additional hernia. A dressing and also/ or laceration glue is put to keep the tummy button level.
While early infants and also kids with specific medical conditions may need overnight observation in the health center, many kids have the ability to return residence within a few hrs after surgical procedure.
Long-Term Outlook.
Once the rupture is closed, it is unlikely that it will certainly persist. However, the danger of reappearance is increased in people that have actually wound infections following surgical treatment.